General Purpose Input/Output (a.k.a. GPIO) is a generic pin on a chip whose behavior (including whether it is an input or output pin) can be controlled (programmed) through software.

The Raspberry Pi allows peripherals to access the CPU by exposing the inputs and outputs.

The production Raspberry Pi board has a 26-pin 2.54 mm (100 mil)[1] expansion header, marked as P1, arranged in a 2×13 strip. They provide 8 GPIO pins plus access to I²C, SPI, UART), as well as +3.3 V, +5 V and GND supply lines. Pin one is the pin in the first column and on the bottom row.

GPIOs

 

 

Header Pinout, top row:

Pin Number

Pin Name Rev2

Hardware Notes

Alt 0 Function

Other Alternative Functions

P1-02

5V0

Supply through input poly fuse

P1-04

5V0

Supply through input poly fuse

P1-06

GND

P1-08

GPIO 14

Boot to Alt 0 ->

UART0_TXD

ALT5 = UART1_TXD

P1-10

GPIO 15

Boot to Alt 0 ->

UART0_RXD

ALT5 = UART1_RXD

P1-12

GPIO 18

ALT4 SPI1_CE0_N ALT5 = PWM0

P1-14

GND

P1-16

GPIO23

ALT3 = SD1_CMD ALT4 = ARM_RTCK

P1-18

GPIO24

ALT3 = SD1_DATA0 ALT4 = ARM_TDO

P1-20

GND

P1-22

GPIO25

ALT4 = ARM_TCK

P1-24

GPIO08

SPI0_CE0_N

P1-26

GPIO07

SPI0_CE1_N

Header Pinout, bottom row:

Pin Number

Pin Name Rev2

Hardware Notes

Alt 0 Function

Other Alternative Functions

P1-01

3.3 V

50 mA max (01 & 17)

P1-03

GPIO 2

1K8 pull up resistor

I2C0_SDA

I2C0_SDA / I2C1_SDA

P1-05

GPIO 3

1K8 pull up resistor

I2C0_SCL

I2C0_SCL / I2C1_SCL

P1-07

GPIO 4

GPCLK0

P1-09

GND

P1-11

GPIO17

ALT3 = UART0_RTS, ALT5 = UART1_RTS

P1-13

GPIO27

PCM_DIN

ALT5 = GPCLK1

P1-15

GPIO22

ALT3 = SD1_CLK ALT4 = ARM_TRST

P1-17

3.3 V

50 mA max (01 & 17)

P1-19

GPIO10

SPI0_MOSI

P1-21

GPIO9

SPI0_MISO

P1-23

GPIO11

SPI0_SCLK

P1-25

GND

 

Source: http://elinux.org/RPi_Low-level_peripherals

 

Raspberry Pi Low-level peripherals GPIO
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